Holofractal theory is an emerging physical theory that applies the "holographic principle" from string theory to the smallest measurable scale in the universe, the Planck unit, and through a "generalized holographic approach," to calculate the surface to volume ratio using Planck-scale nested tiling to find accurate measurements of elementary particles. These fairly simple yet precise calculations reveal that all elementary particles are in equilibrium with the "vacuum" of spacetime, and that they are all entangled together; each proton is entangled with every other proton by only one degree of separation. This means that the universe that we observe emerges out of this entangled web, which can be modeled as geometric forms. Because of this link between micro-scale (entanglement) and macro-scale (emergent geometry) and the calculable fall-off of gravity, this is one of the leading contenders for a theory of quantum gravity.
Holofractal theory posits that the universe is inherently non-local, and that quantum effects related to the splitting of molecules and extraction of energy from the zero point is a primary factor in the propagation of life, and that matter creation is a constant process through the shearing of spacetime along the apparent horizons of black holes, invoking the dynamical Casimir effect to constantly birth entangled pairs of particles (one of which is ejected by the spinning, and one of which falls into the horizon.) Due to this fundamental difference in perspective to the standard model (ie. entropy must increase; though this is quickly proving to be a fallacy as more researchers are discovering the impossibility of creating a truly "isolated system," as entropy can be reversed in entangled systems) this calls into question not only the ultimate fate of the universe, but the cosmological timescale in general and how we fit into it.