Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a #mental-health-condition characterized by intrusive, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) performed to reduce anxiety. According to the American Psychiatric Association, these patterns can significantly interfere with daily life, social functioning, and work. Obsessions may involve fears of contamination, concerns with symmetry, or intrusive aggressive or sexual thoughts, while compulsions often include cleaning, checking, counting, or arranging rituals. The onset of OCD typically occurs in adolescence or early adulthood, though it can emerge at any age. Research has linked the condition to a combination of genetic, neurological, cognitive, and environmental factors. Studies suggest that abnormalities in the serotonin system and hyperactivity in specific brain circuits, particularly those involving the orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia, may contribute to symptoms. Effective treatments include cognitive-behavioral therapy, especially exposure and response prevention, and pharmacological options such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The World Health Organization ranks OCD among the top 20 causes of illness-related disability worldwide, underscoring its global impact.

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